Task 1: Analysis of existing animations (P1, P2, M1, D1)
Learning Outcome 1: Understand the types and uses of animations
P1: Explain the different techniques for animation
Claymation:
Claymation animation was introduced in 1897, by Will Vinton. The first feature-length, theatrically-released clay animation film may have been Chicken Run.
Claymation is a form of stop motion animation and consists of using clay pieces of characters and background objects. Whilst moving these characters between different frames to create a continuous video motion creating the illusion of motion and continuity. Claymation animation is used to make stop motion animation movies. By using claymation animation would target a wider audience due to the fact both younger and audiences would watch this. claymation is constructed out of malleable substances typically plasticine clay. Studios that specialise in making claymation animated movies is Aardman Animations, Ltd, which is based in Bristol, England. Furthermore, another animation studio that specialises in claymation is Kerrupt animation studios, based in Dorchester.
studiodiary.com
Claymation animation is not only fun and childlike, and if done right, made to look realistic, but this animation technique is easy to create and move around. In addition, an advantage to claymation is that you are able to make it look like any person or prop that you want. On the other hand, a disadvantage of this animation technique is that the models take quite a significant amount of time to make, as they need maintenance because both lighting and heat can dry out the clay. Furthermore, as you are using clay for this type of animation, it is difficult to make the movements with the models.
Examples of claymation animation include Coraline, Chicken Run, and Wallace & Gromit. Within the movie Coraline each puppet was made in a silicone substance to create the skin, then painted and given hair. In addition to that Claymation as used in the movie Wallace & Gromit as after a detailed storyboard, the model construction was set and made out of plasticine, and the films washout one frame at a time giving the model of characters the impression of movement.
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Stopmotion:
Stopmotion is another filmmaking technique for producing digital animation in which objects are physically manipulated in which small increments between individually photographed frames. It was first used in 1898 and gives the illusion of lifelike motion when the captured film frames are viewed. The first stop motion animated film is credited by J.Stuart Blackton and was raised in 1898. Stopmotion animation is used to bring static objects alive on screen. This is primarily done by moving the object whilst filing. This makes them appear to exhibit independent motion or change the frames that are played back. An advantage of stop-motion is it's a brilliant way for producing a video for any purpose by using objects to slow enhancement for those objects. One animation studio that focuses on stopmotion animation is Laika Studios, this is an American Stopmotion animated studio, which was founded in 2005. Moreover, another stopmotin animated studio is also Aardman Studios, as they focuses on both claymation and stopmotion.
An advantage to stop motion is that the technology in which you have to make this type of animation is easy to practice and easy to pick up, therefore making the process flow a lot more quickly. Furthermore, the resources you also need such as cameras, sets are easily accessible. On the other hand, a disadvantage of stop motion animation is very time-consuming to make, as you need to take each stop on its own. Whilst simultaneously it takes a lot of work to edit this animation.
There are many films in which stop motions consist, the first is Tim Burton's Corpse Bride, stop motion animation was used alongside the human actors thirty animated characters appeared, as well as a total of three hundred puppets. These puppets were intricate and small mechanical paddles and gears. Another film that incorporated stop-motion animation is Frankenweenie, in 2012. Around two hundred puppets were used to create a stop motion animation.
P2: Describe the uses for digitised animation in the media
Horror: papermag.com
One genre in which animation is used would be the genre of horror. Caroline is a prime example in which stop-motion and claymation animation is used when creating a horror movie. This animation portrays the genre of horror due to the reanimated physical objects gaining lifelike movements. As stop-motion is the start and stops movements of characters and the way in which they move in an unnatural way, this creates tension and attraction when watching horror movies enchasing the genre of horror as well as uncertainty for the audience. In addition, it enchases the genre of horror primarily due to the dark setting and lighting. This links into the movie Caroline as characters are moving in a lifelike manner, as well as scenes jumping from one another which creates tensions, are the audience may lose focus on what's happening as short quick scenes are known to create suspense.
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The genre of horror is intended to scare, shock, and thrill its audience. This genre can be interpreted in many different ways, mainly aiming to frighten their audience. Another type of animation would be CGI animation which is computer-generated imagery and Stop-Motion. The horror movie The Corpse Bride and Jurassic Park include both these animation techniques. Corpse Bride is known as a horror film and the Computer-generated imagery creates new worlds and creates for the audiences to experience, and in some cases, newfound scares, due to this horror movie were the domain of practical creature effects. This creates the genre of horror as mythically creates are created as it’s making the audience get a glimpse of something known in a shock.
buzzflick.com
Lastly, another animation that creates the genre of horror would be 3D and 2D animation. The movie Graveyards Shift includes both types of animation. This enhances the genre of horror as it allows objects to jump out at the audience. Another way 3D and 2D animation creates horror in this movie is through the audiences thinking they are within the movie, being able to touch and feel the objects. Therefore 3D animation allows the genre of horror to be captured within this movie as the audience feels connected, and this incorporates their attention.
Comedy: aardman.fandmom.com
There are many different genres that are included within animation, another is the genre of comedy. Comedy movies are known to entertain the audience. One movie which incorporates this genre is 'Flushed Away'. This movie incorporates two types of animation techniques such as stop motion and claymation. The unnatural movements of these characters enhance this genre primarily due to the characters being able to physically manipulate one another which could be seen in a comical way to the viewer's eyes which enhances the genre of comedy. This is done to make the scenes interesting and entertaining. Stop motion is also used in Flushed Away to allow their characters to move in a comical manner. This can be seen when the characters are moving as well as speaking, primarily due to the words being in sync with the character's actions. And because of this, it created a comical effect. In addition to that, another animation that was used when filming this movie is the animation of claymation. This created the genre of comedy due to being able to make imaginative and creative characters and therefore entertained the audience. And because of this claymation is used to not only entertain the audience but also make these characters look realistic. By using the animation of claymation it created a comic scenario.
imamg.co
Moreover, another animation technique would be line drawing animation is Line drawing is the sketching of animated characters and scenes, which is featured in 'The Simpsons'. The purpose of line drawing animation in comedy programs and movies is to create creative scenarios. Line drawing animation is used to create the genre of comedy by being able to draw comical scenes for the viewer such as Homer the father strangely his son Bart. In addition to that this helps to create comedy within the program as manipulation of the characters is able to be done such as a head or arm falling off the characters through line drawing animation. Therefore, because of this, the animation is used to make the viewers laugh and...
M1: Assess the suitability of animations for the target audience
Stop-motion:
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Stop-motion is a type of animation in which objects are physically manipulated in small increments between different frames so they will appear in a flowing motion. These frames are photographed which results in the frames looking continuous. The aim of this method of animation is to bring static objects to life on the screen. An example of when Stop-motion animation was used in the movies is Caroline, Tim Burton’s Corpse Bride, and lastly Frankenweenie. Tim Burton's films consist of stop-motion, this method of animation is usually used in films and commercials. The primary target audience for this type of animation would consist of children and teenagers, between the age range of 8-13-year-olds. This is due to children wanting to explore a wider variety of movies rather than just cartoons. In addition, as stop-motion doesn't just focus on one genre, this attracts the 8-13-year-olds because children are still interested in cartoons but also want to watch movies of different genres. There is not a specific gender that would watch these movies, therefore both males and females would be interested. Furthermore, stop-motion would attract a wide range of ethnicities. Moreover, stop-motion movies such as The Corpse Bride would attract both workings and middle-class backgrounds. Lastly, stop-motion animation is a beneficial method of animation to use within films especially because you are able to use objects to create an entertaining flowing video. Lastly, the targeted audience would like this stop motion animation specifically due to the movements of the characters. As the objects look like the are jumping from one position to another, this would be comical to the 8-13-year-olds, and therefore would interest them.
blu-ray.com
Furthermore, the secondary target audience, that would be interested in stop motion animation would be 20-30-year-olds. Adults of these ages would be interested in stop motion animation, primarily due to animation constantly pushing the boundaries of technology and storytelling. Furthermore, stop motion animation has a greater effect on the audience, as they can appreciate the genius of the narrative of the film and animation used. Moreover, this is appealing to them as these adults are still able to explore their childhood as well as wanting to reminisce on the past.
Computer Generated Imagery: reddit.com
CGI animation stands for computer-generated imagery, this is the application of computer graphics to create or contribute to images, media, games, and lastly films. CGI animation is used for creating characters and scenes through computer software. Computer-generated imagery is layered into digital footage using techniques. Examples of when CGI animation is used are in the movies Jurassic Park and The Corpse Bride. Within Jurassic Park, this software was used to figure the joint placement of the animated dinosaurs throughout the films which resulted in fourteen CGI animated dinosaurs. The primary target audience for this type of animation would be 8-16-year-olds. The primary age range for this is because CGI animation is not only entertaining but also creates a sense of adventure for the viewer. In addition to that, another reason why these 8-20-year-olds are the primary target audience is that these CGI animated movies have been made to attract a wide age range, as there are many aspects within these movies that attract this wide range of audiences through the animation creates and scenes. When watching this genre of animated films both males and genders would be involved within this, but stereotypically some could say that the male gender would be more interested in these adventurous and thriller movies. One specific reason why the audience would like this animation is due to this CGI animation being able to create imaginary creates allowing them to look lifelike. Therefore spikes the 8-16-year-olds imagination, which interests them to watch.
globalnews.ca
D1: Compare the different styles of animations across global cultures
imdb.com
Anime is a type of animation which has grown in popularity across the world due to its unique ability to grow with its viewers. Its striking Japanese population leading to increased export-minded trade, to enable the Anima animation to become popular. Anime animation came from Japan and is a hand-drawn and computer animation. Studio Ghibli is a Japanese animation film studio, located in Tokyo and is best known for its animated feature films. Studio Ghibli produces a range of films from Ponyo to the most popular film which is Spirited Away due to its culture-cutting storyline. The target audience for Spirited Away is preferably the younger audience starting from the age of eight, this is mainly shown through the cartoon-like figures. Yet on the other hand this film also attracts adolescents. This is because of the plot and theme, which is enough to engage this audience. The themes within Studio Ghibli's films have an important recurring theme of childhood, friendship, and environmentalism. The major theme shown in Spirited away is the theme of childhood, as the film is about a 10-year-old girl moving to a new neighborhood, enters the world of Kami. The director of Spirited Away mentions the inspiration from this story came from the meeting of a 10-year-old daughter of a friend, and his desire to make a film that would give her some useful lessons. The narrative for this film represents the difference between the past and present worlds, and how they can exist alongside each other but must adapt and change. The main colours used within this film are vibrant red, with plenty of gold. The red has symbolic meanings, these colours represent love, anger, and lastly passion.
henrydelrosario.com
Another anime animated film, that was produced at Studio Ghibli is Princess Mononoke. It is set in the late Muromachi period of Japan and includes fantasy elements. The storyline of it follows a young Emishi prince and his involvement with the struggle between the gods of a forest and the humans who consume its resources. The target audience for Princess Mononoke is originally meant for teenagers, due to it being called ‘adult animation’, as scenes deal with problems of life and death. The secondary target audience would be younger children, preferably 7-11-year-olds. This is because due to its adult and violent themes, there is an argument that it isn’t suitable for younger children. The theme for this anime animation film is primarily based on the environment. This is because the film is central to the adventure of Ashitake as he journeys to the west. Moreover, the theme of Princess Mononoke conflicts against mankind and nature. And therefore is relevant to us, through our battle with global warming and climate change.
syfy.com
Line drawing is another example of a digital animation, from a different country. Line drawing animation is any image that consists of distinct straight or curved lines placed against a background. One of the mainline drawing animation studios is Walt Disney Animation Studios, which is located in California. Line drawing animation is popular due to the essential part of every childhood, this type of animation helps entertain children whilst kids learning about the world around us, and new emotions. One of the most popular lines drawing animated films at Walt Disney Animation Studios is ‘Frozen’. This is about a princess who has magical powers that allow her to control and create ice and snow. This princess often enjoys playing with her sister but injures her with her magic. The target audience for this type of animation is usually considered to be aimed at children to be watched by the whole family. The colours, characters, and themes used within this animated are visually appealing for kids mainly due to the basic characters and simple plot which allows children to follow alongside easily. For the movie Frozen, created at Walt Disney Animation Studios, the primary target audience for this film aims at the younger generation preferably little girls. Yet, on the other hand, the secondary target audience is aimed at the parents. This movie needs to attract this generation, as they will be taking the children to watch the movie, therefore needs to entertain them in some aspects. Within the movie frozen, it was created to teach younger children life lessons. One is to embrace your dreams, no matter how unlikely they seem. One of the main themes, which the audiences take away from this line drawing/cartoon animation, is the theme of overcoming loneliness. This is shown through Elsa being alone due to her powers. Whilst Anna is alone due to her status.
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Another example, of a line drawing animated movie, is Hotel Transylvania. This movie tells a story about, a hotel where the monsters of the world can rest from human civilisation, within the confines of a hotel. The target audience for this movie is primarily kids, due to the line drawing animated characters with exaggerated facial features, colourful clothing, and childlike attributes. Which appeals to the younger audience. Furthermore, Hotel Transylvania also attracts the kids due to its slapstick humor. Yet, on the other hand, the secondary target audience would be adults, as they would be taking the children to watch the movie and the coming age storyline. The theme for this line drawing animated movie is that parents need to learn to let go of their children in order for children to become adults. Therefore attracts young adults, as it relates to them.
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